Canada. Building Identity Through Diversity
(Seeds of Knowledge — National Identity Series #5)
How can national identity be both strong and inclusive, not tied to a single ethnicity, religion, or language? Canada offers a fascinating example of a country where pluralism itself has become central to national identity.
In Canadian schools, the teaching of national identity is less about unifying around a single story, and more about embracing a shared commitment to diversity, inclusion, and reconciliation.
Here are some key lessons from Canada’s evolving approach:
1. Identity as a “conversation in progress”
Canadian national identity is often described as an ongoing conversation, rather than a fixed narrative. Students are taught that Canada is still shaping its story, especially as it works to confront its colonial past and embrace a more inclusive future.
As historian Will Kymlicka writes:
“Canadian identity is based not on a myth of timeless unity, but on a shared project of managing diversity in a democratic way.”
2. Honouring Indigenous identity and history
A critical dimension of Canadian education today is reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. Schools increasingly include Indigenous languages, history, and perspectives in the curriculum, recognising that a true Canadian identity must honour First Nations, Métis, and Inuit contributions and rights.
This process is not without challenges, but it models a vital principle: national identity must be open to critical reflection and growth.
3. Embracing multicultural citizenship
Canada officially embraces multiculturalism, not simply tolerating diversity, but celebrating it as a national strength. In classrooms, students explore multiple heritages while also learning what it means to be an engaged Canadian citizen.
Identity here is built on values of inclusion, democracy, human rights, and respect for difference — creating a civic identity that unites people across cultural backgrounds.
4. Preparing students for global citizenship
Because Canada sees itself as a country of immigrants with deep Indigenous roots, global awareness is naturally woven into education. Canadian students are encouraged to see themselves as both Canadians and global citizens, equipped to contribute to the wider world.
A dynamic model for the 21st century
Canada’s approach reminds us that national identity need not be static, exclusionary, or tied to ethnic definitions. It can be:
evolving
inclusive
anchored in values and civic participation
As more societies become diverse and interconnected, the Canadian model offers valuable inspiration for educators worldwide.
In our next article, we will continue exploring global perspectives, seeking out different ways countries are helping young people navigate the complex relationship between identity, heritage, and global belonging.
